Bumper

A bumper is a structure attached or integrated to the front and rear of an automobile to absorb impact in a minor collision, ideally protecting occupants and minimizing repair costs. Bumpers ideally minimize height mismatches between vehicles and protect pedestrians from injury. Rigid bumpers transmit impact forces both to vehicle occupants and pedestrians; hence numerous regulatory measures have been enacted to reduce the risk to both, at the expense, however, of increasing vehicle repair costs.